Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) - Risk factors

Forceful exertion

• Force is the amount of effort required to perform a task or job.
• Lifting, pushing, pulling, and gripping a tool are examples of activities that require you to exert force or muscle effort.

Repetitive movements

• Movements performed over and over are called repetitive movements.
• Nailing a deck, screwing drywall, and tying rebar are examples of repetitive tasks.

Awkward postures

Awkward postures are those in which joints are held or moved away from the body’s natural position. Examples are stooping (bending over), kneeling, and reaching overhead.

Secondary risk factors

• Contact pressure is any external pressure applied to soft tissues of the body. Holding tools where handles press into parts of the hand is an example of contact pressure.
• Vibration can cause damage to nerves and blood vessels as well as other soft tissues.

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