Effects of Temperature

Workers can be exposed to a varying degree of conditions and resultant temperatures. The effects of excessive cold or heat can have harmful effects on worker's health and accidents can result due to fatigue or thermal stress. People working outside their thermal comfort range can suffer a dramatic loss of efficiency, for example, hot metal process working, working in refrigerated warehouses, working outdoors. The precise effects will depend upon the type of work being carried out, the rate of air movement (wind chill) and temperature and humidity.

The main effects of working at high and low temperatures are outlined as follows:

GENERAL EFFECTS:

Cold:

• Loss of concentration in mental work.
• Reduced manipulative powers in manual work.
• Discomfort caused by shivering.

Hot:

• Loss of concentration.
• Reduced activity rate.
• Discomfort caused by sweating.

Heat stress:

• Heat syncope.
• Heat rash or 'prickly heat'.
• Heat exhaustion.
• Anhidrotic heat exhaustion.
• Heat cramps.
• Heat stroke.
• Fainting due to vasodilatation (widening of the blood vessels, especially the arteries, leading to increased blood flow or reduced blood pressure).
• Skin disorder.
• Fatigue, nausea, headache, giddiness.
• Insufficient moisture to sweat.
• Painful spasms of muscles -­insufficient salt.
• Breakdown of control mechanisms, body temperatures soar, immediate cooling of body temperature required, otherwise death ensues.

Cold:

• Hypothermia.
• Frost nip/bite.
• Chilblains.
• Trench foot, (also known as immersion foot) occurs when the feet are wet for long periods of time.
• Violent shivering.

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Striking by Moving, Flying or Falling Objects

These may be the result of accidents themselves or the consequences of unprotected moving parts being too close to pedestrian walkways.

• Accidents involving moving objects may be where normally secured objects break loose and hit people, such as a container sliding down a slope.
• Flying objects are usually the result of an accident, such as parts being ejected from a machine or a broken drill bit coming off. They may also be naturally occurring events in work activities, such as waste materials flying out from drilling or cutting operations.
• Being hit by falling objects is perhaps the most common hazard, particularly on construction sites. Any unsecured object near an edge or on a sloping surface may be liable to fall given a vibration or a push (even from the wind) and injure someone passing or working below. This can include materials on shelves or the tops of cabinets, flowerpots on windowsills, etc.

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Falls From Heights

The majority of fall from heights are accidents occur after falls from:

• Ladders, primarily from moveable ladders; Scaffolding, primarily from general access scaffolds;
• Work area / machinery / platform; Vehicles; Roof edge;
• Stairs and gangways / catwalks.

The common underlying causes include:

• Failure to recognise a problem.
• Failure to provide a safe system of work; Failures to ensure that safe system of work is followed.
• Failing to provide adequate information, instruction, training or supervision.
• Failure to provide safe plant or equipment and failure to use appropriate equipment.

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Possible Sources of Ignition and Potential fuel hazards

Possible Sources of Ignition are:-

• Defective electrical fittings and defective or misuse of electrical apparatus - light bulbs and fluorescent tubes too close to combustible materials, misuse or defective electrical extension leads and adapters, faulty or damaged wiring.
• Matches, Lighters, Candles and Smoking materials. 
• Flame or sparks from a work process such as welding, cutting, grinding or the use of a hot air gun. 
• Sources of frictional heat.
• Electrostatic discharges. 
• Ovens, kilns, open hearths, furnaces or incinerators. 
• Boilers, engines and other oil burning equipment.
• Portable heaters.
• Cooking equipment, including deep fat fryers. 
• The threat of arson must not be overlooked and the malicious firing of combustible materials. 

The above list is by no means exhaustive and is provided merely as a guide.

Potential fuel hazards:

• Any combustibles - These can be divided into two main groups; combustible fuels such as paper, wood, cardboard, etc.; and highly combustible fuels such as thinners, solvents, polyurethane foam, etc. 
• Any unsafe procedures or acts - Persons undertaking unsafe acts such as smoking next to combustible materials.
• Any unsafe conditions - These are hazards that may assist a fire to spread in your workplace, e.g. if there are large areas of hardboard or polystyrene tiles etc., or open stairs that can cause a fire to spread quickly, trapping people and involving the whole building. 
• One hazard that is often overlooked is bad housekeeping and is the easiest to correct. It is responsible for many small fires either starting or certainly spreading and involving far more of the premises than was necessary. 

An ideal method of identifying and recording these hazards, is by means of the scaled single line plan. Checklists maybe also be useful.

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IOSH Managing Safely Course in Chennai

IOSH Managing Safely is designed for managers and supervisors from any domain/organisation. It is specifically designed for the managers to accelerate on the ground actions they are held responsible to handle health and safety within the team.

The delegates can think about what they are learning - build confidence and energy level within him and put it into practice when they are back to their workplace.

What does the course cover? 

IOSH Managing safely covers the health and safety management system basics, the responsibilities of a health and safety manager and common workplace hazards and a risk assessment project based on your theory/board game/workplace.

Managing Safely covers: 
Module 1: Introducing Managing Safely
Module 2: Assessing Risks
Module 3: Controlling Risks
Module 4: Understanding your responsibilities
Module 5: Identifying Hazards
Module 6: Investigating Accidents and Incidents
Module 7: Measuring Performance
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Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) - Risk factors

Forceful exertion

• Force is the amount of effort required to perform a task or job.
• Lifting, pushing, pulling, and gripping a tool are examples of activities that require you to exert force or muscle effort.

Repetitive movements

• Movements performed over and over are called repetitive movements.
• Nailing a deck, screwing drywall, and tying rebar are examples of repetitive tasks.

Awkward postures

Awkward postures are those in which joints are held or moved away from the body’s natural position. Examples are stooping (bending over), kneeling, and reaching overhead.

Secondary risk factors

• Contact pressure is any external pressure applied to soft tissues of the body. Holding tools where handles press into parts of the hand is an example of contact pressure.
• Vibration can cause damage to nerves and blood vessels as well as other soft tissues.

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IOSH Working Safely Course in Chennai

IOSH Working Safely is designed for all level of employees from any domain/organization and meets the statutory requirement for basic health and safety training. The course is specifically designed for Health and Safety Executive's Passport syllabus.

Everyone who works on ground must know that they have health and safety responsibility, they must have a clear understanding on what they must do for 'work safely' - and this course exactly what they need on ground.

What does the course cover? 

IOSH Working safely covers the method of working safely, common workplace hazards and a risk, assessments and hazard spotting exercises, board games and quizzes.

Working Safely covers: 
Module 1: Introducing Working Safely
Module 2: Defining Hazard and Risk
Module 3: Identifying Common Hazards
Module 4: Improving Safety Performance
Module 5: Protecting our Environment

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Overexertion - Ergonomics

Many working environment injuries are a consequence of overexertion brought about by lifting, pulling, or pushing objects. Overexertion is spraining a tendon or straining a ligament or a muscle and happens when the amount of work attempted exceeds the limits of the body parts doing the work.

Individuals with a previous condition, constrained versatility, or maturing confinements are more inclined to overexertion wounds. At times people will abuse one body part to make up for the impediment of another body part.

Overexertion injury is likely to occur in four ways.

1. High force demands. This can happen when lifting, pushing, pulling, carrying, gripping, and using tools.
2. Awkward or stationary posture. This can occur when bending, twisting, reaching, and kneeling.
3. Repetitive movements or actions. Doing the same motion repeatedly without taking a few small rest breaks can cause this.
4. All other overexertion hazards. This includes contact stress, hand-arm vibration, whole-body vibration, hammering with hand, and working in cold temperatures or hot environments.

The best way to prevent an overexertion injury is to work through the task in your head to figure out the way to best perform the work with the least amount of energy and then follow through with the plan by taking necessary precautions. A major precaution includes using proper lifting guidelines.

• Get a good grip. Grasp the load firmly. Use gloves if they allow for a better grip.
• Get a good footing. Center body weight to provide a powerful line of thrust and good balance.
• Keep it close. Grasp the load firmly and lift towards the belt buckle. Hold the load close to the body to avoid putting pressure on the back.
• Lift smoothly. Raise, carry, and lower the load smoothly. Never jerk a load.
• Avoid twisting. If turning is required while lifting or carrying a load, turn the feet and body instead of twisting the back.
• Push. Push rather than pull the load.

Some other guidelines to reduce the risks of overexertion injuries:

• Utilise instruments with simple to utilise handles or holds and have vibration-decreasing elements. 
• Request help while moving overwhelming articles. 
• Utilise material taking care of gadgets, trucks, or hand-trucks to move substantial things. 
• Arrange a course while moving things. The course ought to be free from slip or outing perils. 
• Build up an appropriate working stature relying upon the sort of work being finished. 
• Use stools and against weariness tangling at work stations for errands with delayed standing. 
• Put materials utilised frequently amongst abdomen and shoulder stature. 
• Put less often utilised materials in less attractive areas, for example, on the top rack. 
• Use distinctive undertakings to a vocation to build an assortment of physical developments, with an end goal to forestall dreary movement wounds. 
• Know your points of confinement and regard them. Listen to your body when it instructs you to stop.
• Utilise knee pads while bowing or cushioned gloves when lifting to lessen contact worry over drawn out stretches of time. 
• Lessen add up to presentation to vibration by rotating between undertakings that utilisation vibrating devices and errands with non-fueled instruments. 

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FALL Protection - Working on Sloped Roof

Work on roofs is one of the most common exposures to fall hazards experienced in the construction industry. Workers may encounter fall hazards during roof access and near roof edges. Roofers may also risk falls near skylights, roof hatches, and other openings. When working on roofs, provide fall protection as a backup system in the event a worker slips, trips, or falls.

• When there is risk of falls from low-sloped roofs with unprotected sides and edges six feet or more above lower levels, use fall protection such as guardrail systems, safety net systems, personal fall arrest systems or a combination of a warning line system and guardrail system, warning line system and safety net system, warning line system and personal fall arrest system, or warning line system and safety monitoring system. 
• When there is risk of falls from steep roofs with unprotected sides and edges six feet or more above lower levels, use either guardrail systems with toe-boards, a safety net system, or a personal fall arrest system.
• Cover roof openings securely or surround with a guardrail.
• Use ladders correctly. Set up your ladder on a level surface at an angle consistent with the manufacturer's specifications. Extend the ladder 3 feet above the working surface, and tie the top securely to.the roof. Always inspect the ladder before climbing it, and use another if it's damaged.
• Do not store materials and equipment near a roof edge unless guardrails are erected at the edge.
• When storing materials make sure the materials are stable and self-supporting.
• Watch for slipping and tripping hazards, such as slippery or wet areas or lose tools and equipment.

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Reasons for maintaining Health and Safety at work - Financial Reasons

Accidents results in loss of money or financial loss to business.The Possible Reasons for maintaining good standards of health and safety at the work place:

Accidents and ill-health involves costs, the indirect costs involved are often considerably more expensive than direct costs. 

The financial burden placed on employers is often a key factor in the ownership and development of safety management systems that will help to reduce the costs of failure and sub-standard practice at work.

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Safest way to protect pedestrians

Safest way to protect pedestrians is to provide: 

• Separate footpaths or walkways; 
• Pedestrian barriers at building entrances and exits to prevent pedestrians walking in front of vehicles; 
• Traffic routes wide enough for safety where separation is not practicable; 
• Marked traffic routes, for example lines painted on the floor or ground; 
• Separate access ways for vehicles and pedestrians into buildings or enclosures; and
• Vision panels in pedestrian doors entering vehicle areas. 

Workplaces where pedestrians have to cross vehicle routes should have:

• Clearly visible ground markings and signs;
• Clear pedestrian and vehicle visibility; and 
• Adequate lighting.

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Nebosh Course in Chennai - POSHE

Nebosh IGC Course are extensively valued across globe and is prerequisite for anyone working in or looking to work in the sphere of health and safety.

Nebosh IGC Course in Chennai from POSHE brings a breakthrough for your career in health and safety, or a step ahead to do further qualifications like NEBOSH International Diploma or Occupational Safety Health International Diploma(OSH IDIP).

NEBOSH International General Certificate has 3 units:

• Unit IGC 1: Management of International Health and safety
• Unit GC 2: Control of International Workplace Hazards
• Unit GC 3: International Health and Safety

Assessment

Units IGC1 and GC2 of the NEBOSH International General Certificate are assessed by two-hour written examination each. Unit GC3 is assessed by a practical assessment carried out at your own workplace. 

To Qualify you must score minimum 45% in unit IGC 1 & GC 2 and 60 % in GC 3.

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NEBOSH IGC Course in Chennai - POSHE

POSHE is Accredited by NEBOSH to run Nebosh International General Certificate in Occupational Safety Health, IGC. POSHE offers Nebosh IGC in Chennai, from international experienced & Qualified Tutors.

NEBOSH IGC is offered by 'National Examination Board in Occupational Safety and Health'.

NEBOSH IGC Course is designed for Managers, Supervisors and employees who requires proficiency in the field of health and safety.

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Unit GC 2: Control of International Workplace Hazards
Unit GC 3: International Health and Safety - Work related Practical Assessment.

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Fire Risk Assessment

The Fire Risk Assessment is a important method for avoiding fire in the working environment. 

It enables employers to identify and protect staff against any known flame dangers, by creating powerful techniques - for example plotting how to store and utilize such materials securely.

A number of steps must be followed to conduct a Fire Risk Assessment: 

Step 1: Recognize the fire hazards, distinguish sources of ignition, fuel and oxygen.

Step 2: Identify the people at danger. This includes any individual who is in or around the premises, for example, employees, contractors, visitors,customers, and others.

Care must be taken to distinguish individuals who are at specific danger - for children, youngsters, the elderly or anybody with an inability.

Step 3: Evaluate, evacuate or decrease and secure those at danger. Assess the danger of a fire and the risk to people from fire.

Evacuate or decrease hazards and the danger. Protect by giving fire precautions,

equipment and by procedures.

Step 4: Record, arrange, advise and prepare. 

Record the significant findings and the activity that has been taken. Talk about and offer the findings with others. Develop an emergency arrangement in the case of a flame. Inform relevant people and provide training.

Step 5: Review the fire risk assessment regularly.

Review your fire risk assessment plan regularly to ensure it remains relevant and up-to-date. Update and change your arrangement if required.

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NEBOSH IGC Training in Chennai, Nebosh in Chennai

NEBOSH IGC in Chennai is a globally recognized health and safety qualification from an established independent examination board with over 30 years experience in providing up to date and relevant examinations.

NEBOSH (National Examination Board in Occupational Safety and Health) is a UK-based independent examination board delivering vocational qualifications in health, safety & environmental practice and management.

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NEBOSH Training in Chennai, Nebosh in Chennai

International General Certificate (IGC) qualification focuses on universal standards and management systems, empowering contender to successfully release discharge workplace health and safety responsibilities in any job division, in all parts of the world.

The NEBOSH IGC in Chennai is an acknowledgment for your health and safety skills and learning anyplace on the planet and is an initial move towards and global vocation in health and safety. It gives an important outline, and is a sound premise for further professional study, for example, NEBOSH International Diploma level.

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Nebosh Course in Chennai, Nebosh in Chennai

NEBOSH IGC Course is designed for Managers, Supervisors and employees who requires proficiency in the field of health and safety.

Nebosh IGC Course in Chennai from POSHE brings a breakthrough for your career in health and safety, or a step ahead to do further qualifications like NEBOSH International Diploma. 

POSHE is premier in the design and delivery of health and safety training. Delegates have chosen POSHE as their preferred nebosh course training provider. Our Qualified tutors and attentive support provokes confidence among delegates for Nebosh course in chennai.

Course Duration:
Ten days Class Room Training
Two hours of Written Assessment for each IGC1 & GC2
One Practical Assessment
 
Assessment:
Units IGC1 and GC2 of the NEBOSH International General Certificate are assessed by two-hour written examination each. Unit GC3 is assessed by a practical assessment carried out at your own workplace.
To Qualify you must score minimum 45% in unit IGC 1 & GC 2 and 60 % in GC 3.

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Nebosh International General Certificate in Chennai

NEBOSH IGC is offered by  'National Examination Board in Occupational Safety and Health'.
NEBOSH International General Certificate has 3 units:

Unit IGC 1: Management of International Health and safety

• Foundation in Health and safety
• Health and Safety Management Systems - Policy
• Health and Safety Management Systems - Organizing
• Health and Safety Management Systems - Planning
• Health and Safety Management Systems - Measuring, Audit and Review

Unit GC 2: Control of International Workplace Hazards

• Workplace Hazards and Risk Control
• Transport Hazards and Risk Control
• Musculoskeletal Hazards and Risk Control
• Work Equipment Hazards and Risk Control
• Electrical Safety
• Fire Safety
• Chemical and Biological Health Hazards and Risk control
• Physical and physiological Health Hazards and Risk control 

Unit GC 3: International Health and Safety 
Work related Practical Assessment.

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NEBOSH IGC Training in Chennai

National Examination Board in Occupational Safety and Health is a UK based autonomous examination board. NEBOSH gives different stages worldwide to all level of workers to upgrade their profession in occupational health and safety. It doesn't provide courses yet creates distinctive capabilities and sets strategies for evaluations in occupational health and safety.

POSHE has excellent trainers for Nebosh course in Chennai who are qualified by NEBOSH and provide candidates in Chennai with state of the art training with exceptional support from our back end team. All our Safety and Health courses in Chennai are designed with work opportunity for candidates who complete NEBOSH courses in Chennai and Bangalore.

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Categories of Workplace Safety Signs

Safety Signs

Safety signs combine shape, color and pictogram to convey specific health and safety information or instructions. The standard safety signs are divided into following categories.

PROHIBITION – Directed at stopping dangerous behavior such as ‘no smoking’. The signs are circular carrying a black pictogram in white background, superimposed with a red circle (border) and red diagonal cross bar.

WARNING – Cautions people of a particular hazard such as ‘Toxic’. The signs are triangular with a black pictogram in yellow background with a black border.

MANDATORY – Instruct people of take specific action, often relating to wearing personal protective equipment such as ‘Hard hats much be worn’. They are circular with a white pictogram in sky blue background.

SAFE CONDITION – Identify safe behavior or places of safety such as ‘First aid station’ , ’Emergency Escape route’. They are rectangular or square with a white pictogram in a green background. 

For Examples :