Effectiveness and Reliability of Control Options

A set of integrated control measures that are effective and reliable enough to control exposure adequately has to be developed. It is important that the 'hierarchical' approach to reliability and effectiveness is not viewed so rigidly that some control options are seen as 'good', while others are seen as ineffective. 

Some control measures are more reliable than others.

There is a general hierarchy of controls available:

• Elimination of the substance: This is the most effective though least realistic option. If elimination can be achieved it means that no exposure can take place and there is no residual risk to manage.
• Reduction of exposure: By substituting a less harmful substance or reducing the number of people exposed and/or the frequency and duration of exposure. This method protects all workers but there will be residual risk to deal with.
• Isolation of the substance: Secure storage facilities with limited access.
• Controls: Engineering controls such as local exhaust ventilation. These have to be carefully monitored to ensure, for example, that the captor hood is correctly positioned.
• Personal Protective Equipment: Or other devices worn by individuals such as exposure monitors. The main disadvantage of this method is that it only protects the user. Furthermore, it will only protect the user if the equipment/device is worn correctly, if at all.

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FALL PROTECTION - OPEN SIDED FLOOR

OPEN SIDED FLOORS

Alls are the leading cause of deaths in the construction industry. Most fatalities occur when employees fall from open-sided floors and through floor openings. When working at heights, take the following precautions: 

• Be alert to fall hazards; areas that require vigilance include open-sided floors, hoist areas, platforms, holes, walking/working surfaces, access to ladders and stairways, and faces of formwork. 
• When exposed to open edges with vertical drops of six feet or more, ensure safety by placing guardrails around the hazard area, deploying safety nets, or by using a Personal Fall Arrest System (PFAS). 
• If using guardrail system, install top rails, mid-rails, and toe-boards. • Ensure that guardrails are capable of withstanding, without failure, a force of at least 200-pounds applied within two inches of the top edge, in any outward or downward direction. 
• When working at heights, stay away from edges unless your job requires it and always be protected from falling. 

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