Prevention of Slips and Trips

Slips	Trips
Ensure floor has sufficient surface roughness, taking account of spillages and contamination.	Eliminate holes, slopes or uneven surface.
Eliminate contamination of the floor from water or food products, e.g.: lips around tables, leak and spillage prevention, dry methods to clean floors.	Eliminate materials or objects likely to cause tripping.
Prevent contamination of walkways, e.g. bunds around equipment, drainage channels, cleaning incoming footwear.	Eliminate the storage / location of Equipment / Materials in the Pedestrian walkways
Limit the effects of contamination, e.g. immediate treatment of spillages, good ventilation for drying.	Regular housekeeping regimes.
Ensure cleaning regimes are effective and floor treatments are non-­‐slip.	Eliminated or reduce the cause of floor damage, e.g. pushing / pulling trolleys.
Select suitable footwear.	Maintain the flooring condition, e.g. repair carpets , etc.
Eliminated or reduce the carrying of loads or pushing / pulling trolleys.

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FALL PROTECTION - STAIR WAYS

Slips, trips, and falls on temporary stairways are a major source of injuries and fatalities among construction workers. Since falls from upper levels account for such a high percentage of construction accidents, it's important to build railings and guard rails in conjunction with the building progress. 

Follow these general guidelines when building/ using temporary stairways:

• Provide stairways on worksites when there is a break in elevation of 19 inches or more and no ramp, runway, embankment, or personnel hoist is available. 
• Install stairways at least 30 degrees -and no more than 50 degrees - from the horizontal. 
• Install handrails on stairways with four or more risers or rising more than 30 inches in height — whichever is less — along each unprotected side or edge of the stairway. 
• Do not use stair pans for access until poured or filled in and guardrails and handrails have been installed. 
• Keep stairways free of debris and/or projections that may cause injury or snag clothing. 
• Fix slippery conditions before using stairs. 
• Watch for tripping hazards at the top and bottom of stairs.

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FALL Protection - Working on Sloped Roof

Work on roofs is one of the most common exposures to fall hazards experienced in the construction industry. Workers may encounter fall hazards during roof access and near roof edges. Roofers may also risk falls near skylights, roof hatches, and other openings. When working on roofs, provide fall protection as a backup system in the event a worker slips, trips, or falls.

• When there is risk of falls from low-sloped roofs with unprotected sides and edges six feet or more above lower levels, use fall protection such as guardrail systems, safety net systems, personal fall arrest systems or a combination of a warning line system and guardrail system, warning line system and safety net system, warning line system and personal fall arrest system, or warning line system and safety monitoring system. 
• When there is risk of falls from steep roofs with unprotected sides and edges six feet or more above lower levels, use either guardrail systems with toe-boards, a safety net system, or a personal fall arrest system.
• Cover roof openings securely or surround with a guardrail.
• Use ladders correctly. Set up your ladder on a level surface at an angle consistent with the manufacturer's specifications. Extend the ladder 3 feet above the working surface, and tie the top securely to.the roof. Always inspect the ladder before climbing it, and use another if it's damaged.
• Do not store materials and equipment near a roof edge unless guardrails are erected at the edge.
• When storing materials make sure the materials are stable and self-supporting.
• Watch for slipping and tripping hazards, such as slippery or wet areas or lose tools and equipment.

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Reasons for maintaining Health and Safety at work - Legal Reasons

Legal Reasons

The moral reasons have been turned into health and safety Law, UK’s Common Law judgements. The UK;sHealth and Safety at Work, etc, Act 1974(HSWA), and Regulations made under the law, follows a long list of legal requirements that reinforce the “duty of care”.

Many countries have introduced their own legal duties to protect the workers from harm. The following are the strong reasons for employer to manage risk legally:


Preventive –to prevent enforcement notices (improvement or prohibition) from the enforcement agencies.

Punitive - criminal courts impose fines and imprisonment for breaches of legal
duties. These punishments can be given to the company or to individuals within the
company.
Compensatory – employees / victim can sue employer in the civil courts for compensation.

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